ANNA UNIVERSITY B.ARCH SECOND SEMESTER SYLLABUS
REGULATION 2013
AR6202 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE
OBJECTIVES:
To understand Indian architecture as evolving within specific cultural contexts
including aspects of society, religion, politics and climate
To gain knowledge of the development of architectural form with reference to
technology, style and character in the Indus valley Civilization, Vedic period and
manifestation of Buddhist and Hindu architecture in various parts of the country.
UNIT I ANCIENT INDIA
Indus Valley Civilization: culture and pattern of settlement.- Aryan civilization – theories and
debates of origin- origins of early Hinduism - Vedic culture - Vedic village and rudimentary
forms of bamboo and wooden construction - origins of Buddhism and Jainism.
UNIT II BUDDHIST ARCHITECTURE
Evolution of Buddhism, Buddhist thought, art and culture - Hinayana and Mahayana
Buddhism - interaction of Hellenic & Indian Ideas in Northern India - evolution of building
typologies- the stupa, vihara and the chaitya hall - symbolism of the stupa - architectural
production during Ashoka's rule Ashokan Pillar, Sarnath - rock cut caves at Barabar - Sanchi
Stupa- rock cut architecture in Ajanta and Ellora - Karli - viharas at Nasik - Rani gumpha,
Udaigiri - Takti Bahai, Gandhara.
UNIT III EVOLUTION OF HINDU TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
Hindu forms of worship – evolution of temple form - meaning, symbolism, ritual and social
importance of temple - categories of temple - elements of temple architecture - early shrines
of the Gupta and Chalukyan periods
Tigawa temple - Ladh Khan and Durga temple, Aihole - Papanatha, Virupaksha temples,
Pattadakal - Kailasanatha temple, Ellora.
UNIT IV TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE - SOUTHERN INDIA
Brief history of South India - relation between Bhakti period and temple architecture - of
temple towns - Dravidian Order - evolution and form of gopuram
Rock cut productions under Pallavas: Shore temple, Mahabalipuram and Kailasanatha
temple, Kanchipuram - Chola Architecture: Nartamalai, Brihadeeswara, Gangaikonda
Cholapuram and Darasuram temples -– temple gateways of Madurai and Chidambaram -
temple towns: Madurai, Srirangam and Kanchipuram Hoysala architecture: Belur and
Halebid.
UNIT V TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE -NORTHERN INDIA
Temple architecture of Gujarat, Orissa, Madhyapradesh and Rajasthan - their salient
features Lingaraja Temple, Bhuvaneswar - Sun temple, Konarak. - Somnatha temple,
Gujarat, Surya kund, Modhera Khajuraho, Madhyapradesh - Dilwara temple, Mt. Abu
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
REQUIRED READINGS:
1. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Period), Taraporevala and Sons,
Bombay, 1983.
2. Satish Grover, The Architecture of India (Buddhist and Hindu Period), Vikas Publishing
Housing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
3. Christoper Tadgell, The History of Architecture in India from the Dawn of civilization to the
End of the Raj, Longmon Group U.K.Ltd., London, 1990.
REFERENCES:
1. George Michell, The Hindu Temple, BI Pub., Bombay, 1977.
2. Stella Kramrisch The Hindu Temple, Motilal Banarsidass, 1976.
3. Parameswaranpillai V.R., Temple culture of south India, Inter India Publications,
4. George Michell Ed, Temple Towns of Tamil Nadu, Marg Pubs, 1995.
5. Raphael D., Temples of Tamil Nadu; Works of Art, Fast Print Service Pvt Ltd., 1996.
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