OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the principles of various surveying methods and applications to Civil Engineering projects
UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS AND CHAIN SURVEYING 9
Definition- Classifications - Basic principles-Equipment and accessories for ranging and chaining – Methods of ranging - well conditioned triangles – Errors in linear measurement and their corrections - Obstacles - Traversing – Plotting – applications- enlarging the reducing the figures – Areas enclosed by straight line irregular figures- digital planimetre.
UNIT II COMPASS AND PLANE TABLE SURVEYING 9
Compass – Basic principles - Types - Bearing - Systems and conversions- Sources of errors
- Local attraction - Magnetic declination-Dip-Traversing - Plotting - Adjustment of closing error – applications - Plane table and its accessories - Merits and demerits - Radiation -
Intersection - Resection – Traversing- sources of errors – applications.
UNIT III LEVELLING 9
Level line - Horizontal line - Datum - Bench marks -Levels and staves - temporary and permanent adjustments – Methods of levelling - Fly levelling - Check levelling - Procedure in levelling - Booking -Reduction - Curvature and refraction - Reciprocal levelling – Sources of Errors in levelling- Precise levelling - Types of instruments - Adjustments - Field procedure
UNIT IV LEVELLING APPLICATIONS 9
Longitudinal and Cross-section-Plotting - Contouring - Methods - Characteristics and uses of contours – Plotting – Methods of interpolating contours – Computations of cross sectional areas and volumes - Earthwork calculations - Capacity of reservoirs - Mass haul diagrams.
UNIT V THEODOLITE SURVEYING 9
Theodolite - Types - Description - Horizontal and vertical angles - Temporary and permanent adjustments – Heights and distances– Tangential and Stadia Tacheometry – Subtense method - Stadia constants - Anallactic lens.
TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
OUTCOMES:
Students are expected to use all surveying equipments, prepare LS & CS, contour maps and carryout surveying works related to land and civil engineering projects.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Chandra A.M., "Plane Surveying", New Age International Publishers, 2002.
2. Alak De, "Plane Surveying", S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2000.
REFERENCES:
1. James M. Anderson and Edward M. Mikhail, "Surveying, Theory and Practice",7th Edition,McGraw Hill, 2001.
2. Bannister and S. Raymond, "Surveying", 7th Edition, Longman 2004.
3. Roy S.K., "Fundamentals of Surveying", 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.
4. Arora K.R.,"Surveying Vol I & II", Standard Book house, 10th Edition 2008
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